Vehicular Analysis of a Bridge Structure Considering IRC Loading Condition using Sap 2000

: A beam bridge is a bridge that uses struts as a method of supporting the deck. A bridge consists of three sections: the foundation consisting of protrusions and supports and the substructure consisting of protrusions and quay and the superstructure (bracing, cantilever or curve) and the deck. A beam bridge is probably the most manufactured and used bridge on the planet. Its basic plant, at its best, can be likened to a tree trunk extending to one side to alternate across a stream or river. All decks consist of two main parts: the substructure and the superstructure. The superstructure is everything from the support cushions to - it's the thing that supports the posts and it's the most distinctive part of the deck. The substructure is the device that exchanges the poles of the superstructure on the ground. The two sections must work together to form a strong and durable bridge. Prestressed concrete is basically concrete where the internal concern is reasonable and the pressure propagation created by the external load is concentrated to the desired extent. In this research, we analyze a beam bridge with the effect of prestressed concrete and compare it to a generic deck bridge. Regarding the finite element analysis, the analysis of forces and costs. Here it is concluded that the implementation of a prestressed ceiling results in an economical, stable and load-resistant element.


I. INTRODUCTION
A girder bridge is a bridge that uses struts as a method of supporting the deck. A bridge consists of three sections: basin overhang and foundation, overhang and dock substructure, superstructure (bracing, cantilever or curve) and deck. A beam bridge is probably the most commonly manufactured and used bridge on the planet. Its basic plant, at its best, can be likened to a tree trunk extending to one side to alternate across a stream or river. All decks consist of two main parts: the substructure and the superstructure. The superstructure is everything from the support cushions to -it's the thing that supports the poles and it's the most distinctive part of the deck. The substructure is the device that exchanges the poles of the superstructure on the ground. The two sections must work together to form a strong and durable bridge. Prestressed concrete is essentially concrete in which the internal concerns are sufficiently concentrated and the expansion pressure due to external stresses is concentrated to the desired extent.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Gaurav Somani et al. [1] Concrete slabs and T-pillar bridges are the prevailing bridges in India. Lately, specifically, a ton of street works have been in progress, some are under development and some street projects are anticipated what's to come. As the undertaking develops, it is important to further develop the plan technique consistently and make it more effective.
K. Hemalatha et al. [2] A bridge is a design that permits you to cross a hindrance without shutting the way underneath. The necessary crossing point can be a street, a rail line, a passerby, a waterway or a line. There are many sorts of areas for bridge development, among which bridges with T-pillars and box radiates have been chosen. T-pillar bridges are projected set up concrete bridges, famous for limited abilities to focus cheap. Additionally, the summed up caisson bridge was picked, which is practical for huge ranges, which can be single-stage or multistage radiates. In the current examination, a two path single help RCC-T pillar and a prestressed concrete box bar bridge for dead burden and moving burdens IRC were dissected and planned, the moving burden viewed as the class AA caterpillar vehicle. Courbon's technique for investigation and plan. Dead burden and payload estimations were performed physically.
Meghana K V et al. [3] A bridge is a construction worked over a street, stream, or railroad track to make it simpler for individuals and vehicles to cross from one side to the next. Determination of the most reasonable segment in bridges of various ranges, similar investigations are completed. The principle objective of the work is to consider the impacts of Tbars and box bridges of various ranges under moving burdens utilizing programming and manual strategies.
Manohar R et al. [4] T-beam deck section bridges are the essential sort of cast set up concrete bridges and comprise of fundamental pillars, cross bars that confer parallel firmness to the deck chunk, and a cover piece that sits set up. 'expands consistently between the T-radiates There are numerous techniques that have been utilized for the examination of bridges with T-radiates, these are traditional strategies like the Courbon strategy, the Guyon-Massonet technique, the Hendry strategy Jaegar for radiates and the Pigeaud coefficient strategy for cover plates and limited components. The strategy is an overall technique for primary investigation which is drawn closer by examining a bunch of limited components which are associated together in a limited number of hubs and which address the arrangement space of the issue.  Techno economic analysis of materials selected for bridge constructs.

III. OBJECTIVES
IV. METHODOLOGY

General
In this research work our motive is to justify the variation in strength and cost of four cases of bridges for same loading and hydraulic conditions to carry out the best of them.
In this study, I am focusing the analysis using finite element method using analysis tool SAP 2000, which is capable of applying all conditions and methods with respect to preferred standard code.

Methodology
Following steps are required in a sequence for proper completion: Step-1 Determine the site condition and position for casting bridge.

Fig 1: Road Plan
Step-2 Hydraulic design to determine required Bridge length and profile grade. Step-4 Assigning of Loads and section properties with support conditions.

Fig 4: Sectional Properties
Step-5 Assigning hydraulic load and vehicle load as per I.R.C.

Fig 6: Finite Element Analysis on bridge
Step-7 Assigning Pre-stressed deck

Problem statement
This chapter deals with loading calculation of the critical load placing over the considered culverts applying I.R.C. loading and hydraulic calculation using finite element method.
In this research work, we have used SAP-2000 software which is based on the application of Finite Element Method. This software is a widely used in the field of structural design and analysis. Now a day this software is very much friendly for the analysis of different type of structures and to calculate the result at every node &element wise. Analysis for the bridge, prepared the conceptual dimension geometry of the superstructure which are shown in figure 9 -

Fig: 9 Structural Modelling
Here bridge frame is modeled using analysis tool SAP-2000 in which vehicle load is applied. Than it is analyzed and optimized and I.R.C. loading is considered as class A vehicle loading, dead load as per 875 part-1 and superimposed live load as per 875 part-2 is calculated and applied.

Hydraulic calculation
In the table 1 below details of hydraulic data and constants are described briefly: For the sake of study, sample data of Bhopal area kamla park bridge (kamla park to professor colony) was taken into consideration.   Steps for loading condition: The load condition has to be defined as per requirement of the analysis.
As we know the model is R.C.C. structure of the bridge in which vehicle load has to be apply in different patterns. There are the different type of load has to be calculate and apply with the help of software and load are as under -Dead load - The self load is the weight of the frame structure and any permanent load fixed there-on. The self-weight is initially assumed and checked when design is finished.

Fig 11 Dead Load
Live load -Extension structure guidelines indicate the plan loads, which are intended to mirror the most noticeably bad stacking that can be caused on the scaffold by traffic, allowed and expected to disregard it. In India, the Highway Board indicates the standard plan loadings for extensions in scaffold rules.
For the interstate scaffolds, the Indian Road Congress has indicated standard plan loadings in IRC area II. The accompanying couple of pages brief about the loadings to be considered. For more subtleties, the peruser is alluded to the specific standard.  Inferences: It is observed in above figure that Pre-stressed foam deck bridge is observing minimum value of bending moment thus require minimum reinforcement. Inferences: As shown in figure it is clearly observed that unbalance forces are minimum in Pre-stressed foam bridge type whereas maximum in Deck bridge R.C.C.        As per quantity analysis and cost estimation using S.O.R. 2020, it is determined that Pre-stressed deck type bridge using foam concrete is comparatively best in terms of resisting forces and cost economical. Whereas Deck type R.C.C. bridge shows worst result.

VI. CONCLUSIONS
Findings of the project can be concluded as below: • In this comparative analysis it is clearly stated that Prestressed bridge (Foam concrete) is more stable in resisting load. • In this study Hydraulic calculation is determined using topography sheet available as per Indian standard using dickens formulae.
• In this study we manually calculate the total discharge and assigned it in software.
• It is concluded that in terms of cost Deck type bridge R.C.C. is comparatively more costlier than Pre-stressed bridge.
• I.R.C. loading is applied for justification of vehicular load analysis.

VII. FUTURE SCOPE
Following future aspects can be consider are as follows:  Cable suspension bridge or any other type can be consider.  Seismic analysis can be proceed.  AASHTO specification can be preferred instead of I.R.C.  Midas Bridge designer can be used for analysis in future.