“Formulation of Modified Dense Graded Bituminous Macadam with Low Density and High Density Polythene with Zykotherm Admixture

: This study presents the use of waste polythene derived as carry bags from kitchen waste and pond liner polyethelene as LDPE and bottle caps as HDPE as an additive in flexible pavements. In this study we will also add a fix percentage of zykotherm. Purposes of using above materials are to utilize environmentally unacceptable waste material and to develop a better material mix to resist increased traffic load and temperature effect resulting cracks in the pavement surface. In the proposed study the plastic waste will be cleaned and cut into a size such that it passes through 2-3mm sieve using shredding machine. In this study Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) mix will be proposed to prepare by using plain bitumen as a control specimen and bitumen mixed with LDPE 2% and 4% & HDPE 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) as by weight, with fixed percentage of Zykotherm as 1.5% by weight.Bitumen content is 4.5% by weight for all specimen. The Marshall Stability test, Penetration Test, and softening point test, were conducted on control and modified DBM mixes. Chemical Additive] Here the author made an attempt to compare the marshall properties of WMA produced with the chemical additives :“ZycoTherm” and HMA for Dense Bituminous Macadam(DBM) Grade 2. The adopted mixing temperatures for HMA was 155°C, 130°C and 115°C and the mixing temperatures for WMA was 130°C and 115°C, with an additive dosage rate of 0.1% by weight of the binder.. The laboratory study concludes that Stability & Marshall properties were improved for the WMA mix by the addition of the additive. The present study includes the preparation and testing of laboratory specimens for Marshall Test of HMA mix at 155°C, 130°C and 115°C temperature and WMA mix at 130°C and 115°C temperature with additive dosage rate of 0.1% by weight of binder, to the required specifications.


INTRODUCTION
Polymer modified bitumen is emerging as one of the important construction materials for flexible pavements because of the several reasons. The polymer modified bitumen show better properties for road construction & plastics waste, otherwise considered to be a pollution menace, can find its use in this process and this can help solving the problem of pollution because most of the plastic waste is polymers. Flexible pavement can be defined as the one consisting of a mixture of asphaltic or bituminous material and aggregates placed on a bed of compacted granular material of appropriate quality in layers over the subgrade. Plastic garbage is commonly seen around the country and has started causing several problems. Plastic waste clogs drains, causing floods. It chokes animals who eat plastic bags, etc.
Non-Biodegradable wastes are those that cannot break down or degrade for many years, they cannot be changed into manure and burning of these fuels causes more pollution in the environment thus to overcome this problem it can be utilized in construction industry.

LDPE
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) includes house hold polythene and pond liner polyethelene gathered from neighborhood dump destinations washed with cleanser and water and destryed into size of 2mm to 3 mm.
• It has a density from 0.910 to 0.940g/cm cube.

HDPE
The thickness of HDPE is subtly higher than the low density polyethelene and inclides bottles ,bottles caps etc.
The density of HDPE can keep running from 0.93 to 0.97g/cm cube Melting temperature is greater than 130⁰C.

ZycoTherm
The additive used was supplied and produced by Zydex Industries, based in Gujarat, India. This additive is soluble in water and generates polymeric material and alcohol when exposed to moisture but is stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Mohd. Rosli et. al. (2017) [Performance characterizations of asphalt binders and mixtures incorporating silane
additive ZycoTherm] In this study, 0.1wt% ZycoTherm was blended with asphalt binder to enable production of asphalt mixture at lower than normal temperatures, as well as improve mix workability and compactability. The properties of control asphalt binders (60/70 and 80/10 penetration grade) and asphalt binders incorporating 0.1% ZycoTherm were reported based on the penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity, complex modulus and phase angle. Subsequently, to compare the performance of asphalt mixture incorporating ZycoTherm with the control asphalt mixture, cylindrical samples were prepared at recommended temperatures and air voids depending on the binder types and test requirements. The samples were tested for indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus, dynamic creep, Hamburg wheel tracking and moisture induced damage. From compaction data using the Servopak gyratory compactor, specimen prepared using ZycoTherm exhibit higher workability and compactability compared to the conventional mixture. From the mixture performance test results, mixtures prepared with ZycoTherm showed better performance in terms of the resistance to moisture damage, permanent deformation and cracking.

Dr. Malik Shoeb Ahmad (2014) [Low Density Polyethylene Modified Dense Graded Bituminous Macadam ]
Reclaimed plastic waste derived from low density polyethylene (LDPE/PW) carry bags from kitchen waste and plastic bottles have been used as additive in flexible pavements. In the present study the plastic waste was cleaned and cut into a size such that it passes through 2-3mm sieve using shredding machine. In this study Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) mix has been prepared by using plain bitumen as a control specimen and bitumen mixed with low density polyethylene (LDPE/PW) in different proportions such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% by weight.
The Marshall Stability tests were conducted on control and modified DBM mixes. It has been observed that the plastic waste modified bitumen mix show better binding property, stability, density and more resistant to water.The test performed by author results showed that the stability of DBM mixes was improved significantly on addition of plastic wastes to the mixes.Hence, the present study will result lesser road repairs and use of plastic wastes will help to utilize non biodegradable waste. The addition of LDPE (PW) reduces the air voids which prevents the moisture absorption and oxidation of bitumen by entrapped air. This has resulted in enhancement of Marshall Stability value. It has been observed that the stability values of mixes modified with plastic waste have been increased significantly up to the tune of 14% at 12% waste as compared to mix prepared with plain bitumen. This shows the enhancement in strength of the mix due to addition of plastic waste which signifies that the inclusion of plastic waste increases the density of the mix. The bulk density of the mix was also increasing with increase in the plastic waste content. The most significant percentage of waste is observed as 12% at which the density is maximum (2.51g/cc) which is about 25% more than the density of the mix prepared with plain bitumen.

Rohith N, J. Ranjitha (2013) [A Study On Marshall Stability Properties Of Warm Mix Asphalt Using Zycotherm A Chemical Additive]
Here the author made an attempt to compare the marshall properties of WMA produced with the chemical additives :"ZycoTherm" and HMA for Dense Bituminous Macadam(DBM) Grade 2. The adopted mixing temperatures for HMA was 155°C, 130°C and 115°C and the mixing temperatures for WMA was 130°C and 115°C, with an additive dosage rate of 0.1% by weight of the binder.. The laboratory study concludes that Stability & Marshall properties were improved for the WMA mix by the addition of the additive. The present study includes the preparation and testing of laboratory specimens for Marshall Test of HMA mix at 155°C, 130°C and 115°C temperature and WMA mix at 130°C and 115°C temperature with additive dosage rate of 0.1% by weight of binder, to the required specifications.
The Marshall Stability value of HMA specimens produced at 155°C has good stability values. When compared with HMA specimens, the stability and Marshall Properties of WMA specimens prepared at 130°C and 115°C were improved by the addition of Zycotherm at an additive dosage rate of 0.1% by weight of the binder. The optimum binder content for the HMA mix at 155°C was found out to be 5.4% and WMA mix at 130°C with 0.1% of ZycoTherm was found out to be 5.37%. This concludes that the optimum binder content for HMA and WMA mix are different with varying the temperature and additive dosage rate, so the OBC should be found out individually for both HMA and WMA mix for varying temperatures and additive dosage rate.

III. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The researchers have tried to find the variation in Bituminous samples which occurs due to admixtures and utilization of waste materials following are the outcomes of literature review: Specimen prepared using ZycoTherm exhibit higher workability and compactability compared to the conventional mixture.
From the mixture performance test results, mixtures prepared with ZycoTherm showed comparable better performance than the control sample in terms of the resistance to moisture damage, permanent deformation and cracking. The unique, organo-silane chemistry of ZycoTherm, gives, a strong and permanent chemical bonding (Si-O-Si-mother nature bond available in sand/quartz) between the bitumen and the aggregate surface. The permanent chemical bonding enables excellent moisture resistance, complete coating of bitumen on aggregates and allows wider temperature zone for mixing and compaction resulting in a pavement with extended life cycle. The addition of LDPE reduces the air voids which prevents the moisture absorption and oxidation of bitumen by entrapped air. This has resulted in enhancement of Marshall Stability value,and more resistant to water.
It has been observed that the plastic waste modified bitumen mix show better binding property, stability.

IV. OBJECTIVES
1. To study the effects of mixing LDPE, HDPE and Zykotherm in Hot mix asphalt.

2.
To determine which sample is more stable and performing well in comparing all cases.
3. To determine the enhancement in properties of hot mix asphalt using LDPE. and HDPE. In the present investigation an attempt is made to study the enhancement in the properties of Hot mix Asphalt (HMA) on adding polythene (LDPE & HDPE) and combination of Zycotherm and Plastic waste.

VIII. CONCLUSION
In this study we stated that with the use of LDPE, HDPE polythene and fixed proportion of zycotherm we can increase the property of the sample as well as the binding property of the sample also increases.
This study is valuable for highway construction as it can help in settling the non-biodegradable waste as well as increases bitumen (flexible) pavement life.
From the above tests conducted the following conclusions were drawn out:- Marshall Test conducted on bituminous mix with combination of 4% LDPE and 4% HDPE and 1.5% Zycotherm have higher value of stability 1752 kg correspondingly the values of flow is 4.
 It is observed that by addition of polyethylene HDPE to the mixture, the resistance to moisture susceptibility of mix also increases.
 From the study it is concluded that zycotherm increases the binding property of the mix in a natural way .
 As per the cost cutting in construction this method is very valuable and as it is very helpful in cost cutting of bitumen in a mix.
 By the use of zycotherm,